A determination of character and frequency changes in air masses using a spatial synoptic classification

1998 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 1223-1236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence S. Kalkstein ◽  
Scott C. Sheridan ◽  
Daniel Y. Graybeal
Keyword(s):  
Synoptic Classification ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Spatial Synoptic Classification ◽  
Frequency Changes

The use of artificial neural networks in the problem of classifying cloud types in wide-angle images of the visible hemisphere of the sky.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikita Veremev
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Cloud Cover ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Wide Angle ◽  
Reliable Determination ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Key Aspects

<p>Within the framework of meteorology and oceanology, the importance of the cloud mass and the type of clouds cannot be underestimated. When describing and studying weather, precipitation and the movement of air masses over the ocean, the amount and type of clouds determines the flows of precipitation, their intensity, helps to predict the weather and the content of various impurities in the air, which makes the study of the properties of cloud cover one of the key aspects of meteorological and oceanological research.</p><p>The types of clouds are determined by the specialist, visually comparing the picture of the sky over the ocean with the guideline documents, the use of which reduces the possibility of the human factor affecting the determination of these parameters.</p><p>For an accurate study, study of the dynamics and dependence of climatic models on the conditions of cloud types, long-term measurements of the same type and the continuity of their methods are required. However, all these data are very unevenly distributed over the Earth's surface, and the number of ship observations is greatly reduced.</p><p>Thus, taking into account the importance of reliable determination of data related to cloudiness and the problems of their accuracy, the relevance and need to automate the determination of cloud types are obvious.</p><p>As a result of the work, an algorithm was obtained that allows classifying cloud types based on photographs taken during long-term sea expeditions.</p>

scholarly journals Mutation Rate Model Used in the DNA VIEW Program

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Krajka
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Allele Frequency ◽  
Mutation Rate ◽  
Allele Frequencies ◽  
Rate Model ◽  
Dna Database ◽  
Mutation Model ◽  
Population Allele Frequency ◽  
Frequency Changes

The first problem considered in this paper is the problem of correctness of a mutation model used in the DNA VIEW program. To this end, we theoretically predict population allele frequency changes in time according to this and similar models (we determine the limit frequencies of alleles—they are uniformly distributed). Furthermore, we evaluate the speed of the above changes using computer simulation applied to our DNA database. Comparing uniformly distributed allele frequencies with these existing in the population (for example, using entropy), we conclude that this mutation model is not correct. The evolution does not follow this direction (direction of uniformly distributed frequencies). The second problem relates to the determination of the extent to which an incorrect mutation model can disturb DNA VIEW program results. We show that in typical computations (simple paternity testing without maternal mutation) this influence is negligible, but in the case of maternal mutation, this should be taken into account. Furthermore, we show that this model is inconsistent from a theoretical viewpoint. Equivalent methods result in different error levels.

scholarly journals Particulate Matter Mortality Rates and Their Modification by Spatial Synoptic Classification

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayeun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Daily Mortality ◽  
Synoptic Classification ◽  
Respiratory Mortality ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Particulate Air Pollution ◽  
Spatial Synoptic Classification ◽  
Highly Correlated

Air pollution levels are highly correlated with temperature or humidity, so we investigated the relationship between PM10 and the spatial synoptic classification (SSC) scheme on daily mortality, according to age group and season. Daily death data for 2000–2014 from Seoul, Korea, were acquired, and time-series analysis was applied with respect to season and to each of seven distinct SSC types: dry moderate (DM); dry polar (DP); dry tropical (DT); moist moderate (MM); moist polar (MP); moist tropical (MT); and transition (T). Modification effects were estimated for daily, non-accidental, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality between PM10 and SSC types. The following SSC-type-specific increased mortalities were observed, by cause of death: non-accidental mortality: DT (1.86%) and MT (1.86%); cardiovascular mortality: DT (2.83%) and MM (3.00%); respiratory mortality: MT (3.78%). Based on simplified weather types, increased PM10 effects in non-accidental mortality rates were observed in dry (1.54%) and moist (2.32%) conditions among those aged 40–59 years and were detected regardless of conditions in other age groups: 60–74 (1.11%), 75–84 (1.55%), and 85+ (1.75%). The effects of particulate air pollution, by SSC, suggest the applicability of SSC to the comparison and understanding of acute effects of daily mortality based on weather type.

scholarly journals Occurrence and synoptic background of strong and very strong frost in spring and autumn in Central Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz M. Tomczyk ◽  
Katarzyna Szyga-Pluta ◽  
Ewa Bednorz
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
National Research Institute ◽  
Atlantic Sector ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Environmental Prediction ◽  
Northern Sector

Abstract The objective of the paper was the determination of the circulation conditions of occurrence of strong and very strong frost in Central Europe. A frost day was defined as a day with the minimum temperature lower than 0 °C and maximum temperature higher than 0 °C. Moreover, a division of frost was performed in terms of value of minimum temperature, resulting in the designation of mild frost (up to − 2.0 °C), moderate frost (from − 2.1 to − 4 °C), strong frost (from − 4.1 to − 6 °C) and very strong frost (< − 6 °C). The study was based on data from the years 1966–2015 from the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management—National Research Institute, Deutscher Wetterdienst and National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR). The analysis of baric conditions employed values of pressure at sea level, height of isobaric surface of 500 hPa and air temperature at a level of 850 hPa, as well as their anomalies. The spatial analysis showed that the number of frost days in spring and autumn increased from the west to the east of Central Europe. A decrease in the number of frost days, however, is observed over the prevailing area. Average conditions favouring the occurrence of strong and very strong frost both in spring and autumn were related to higher than average pressure at sea level over the prevailing area of the Euro-Atlantic sector. Such baric conditions caused advections of cool air masses from the northern sector.

Development of a spatial synoptic classification scheme for western Europe

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (15) ◽  
pp. 2017-2040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna Bower ◽  
Glenn R. McGregor ◽  
David M. Hannah ◽  
Scott C. Sheridan
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Synoptic Classification ◽  
Spatial Synoptic Classification

A NEW SPATIAL SYNOPTIC CLASSIFICATION: APPLICATION TO AIR-MASS ANALYSIS

1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 983-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAURENCE S. KALKSTEIN ◽  
MICHAEL C. NICHOLS ◽  
C. DAVID BARTHEL ◽  
J. SCOTT GREENE
Keyword(s):  
Mass Analysis ◽  
Air Mass ◽  
Synoptic Classification ◽  
Spatial Synoptic Classification
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